In Re: Corbett 2025 INSC 1325 - Tiger Safari
Environmental Law - It is Court's duty to adopt restorative measures that ensure environmental degradation is firstly mitigated and then reversed and restored to its original form, while also prioritising mitigation of future risk to the environment [Context: Supreme Court issued various directives regarding Tiger Safaris and Tiger Reserves and also on resorts and eco-tourism.]
Case Info
Case: In Re: Corbett (T. N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India & Others); Neutral citation: 2025 INSC 1325
Key Details
- Case name: In Re: Corbett in Writ Petition (C) No. 202 of 1995 (T. N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India & Others).
- Neutral citation: 2025 INSC 1325.
- Coram: B.R. Gavai, CJI; Augustine George Masih, J.; A.S. Chandurkar, J.
- Judgment date: November 17, 2025.
Caselaws and citations
- T.N. Godavarman: Earlier judgment referenced — (2025) 2 SCC 641 (order dated 6 March 2024).
- Ajay Dubey v. National Tiger Conservation Authority: (2019) 11 SCC 538.
- Bajri Lease LoI Holders Welfare Society v. State of Rajasthan: (2022) 16 SCC 581.
- Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India: (1996) 3 SCC 212.
- S. Jagannath v. Union of India: (1997) 2 SCC 87.
- International references: PCIJ/ICJ reparations jurisprudence, e.g., The Factory at Chorzów (1928); Certain Activities (Nicaragua) Compensation Judgment (2018) I.C.J. Reports 15; Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 Article 8.
Statutes/laws referred
- Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Sections 2(24-A), 33(a), 38‑V, 38‑L, 38‑O.
- Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: ESZ notifications (09.02.2011).
- Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.
- Indian Forest Act, 1927: Section 26(1)(f),(h) (in CBI charges).
- Forest Conservation Act, 1980: Sections 2(iv), 3A, 3B (in CBI charges).
- Criminal Procedure Code, 1973: Section 173(2) (final report).
- Indian Penal Code, 1860: Sections 120‑B, 218, 409, 467, 471 (as per CBI charges).
- Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988: Section 13(2) r/w 13(1)(a) (CBI charges).
- Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006: Section 2(b) (Critical Wildlife Habitats equivalence).
- National Green Tribunal Act, 2010: Section 15(4) (restitution).
- Administrative frameworks: NTCA Guidelines (2012 Tourism; 2016; 2019); CAMPA; CSS‑IDWH; MoEF&CC letter dated 23 April 2018 on ESZ around Tiger Reserves.
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